Sunday, June 20, 2010

Tutorial Six: The internet and online communities

I have decided to follow "Facebook" (www.facebookcom)as my online community.

Facbook is an online community that allows people from all over the world to communicate and share their lives in the form emails, commenting each other, photos or videos. It is free and easy to join and has millions of users worldwide.

Some of the services provided by this website are advertisements, online chat, discussion boards, emails and quizzes.

Members can interact my uploading videos/photos, make comments to other members, emailing each other, joining or “liking” different groups, playing games or doing quizes. The more they choose to interact the more interactive it becomes, however it has huge potential to be largely interactive. It is run my it is run members

Facebook is a form of communication between people who know each other in real life via the internet. Although you may meet new people on Facebook, the majority of people use it to keep in contact with those they are familiar with. Individuals who facilitate use Facebook use it as a way of communicating with friends and family all around the world. It is free to become a member and very convenient to use if you have access to a computer and internet. An extract from my own Facebook page is as follows: “Board waxed and edged, bindings changed and new boots molded to my feet!! Bring on Tuesday♥.” This is an example of a friend sharing her thoughts and what she is doing and feeling at the present time to her friends who are also members of Facebook.

Facebook has the potential to have many ethical issues as all most everyone has access to everyone’s profiles, one way or another.

Privacy and bullying are huge concerns. When you become a member of the online community, individuals have to agree to the terms and conditions, however there is nothing physically stopping anyone from posting offensive or insulting comments to their own or someone else’s page. In addition to this, once something is posted onto Facebook it becomes difficult to remove it entirely.

Within this community there is also a lack of identity of some of the users. It is very easy to accept new friends who you may not know, posing a potential risk that they will be able to know what you are doing, where you are and other personal details about you to a stranger. I think it is up to the individual to ensure you do not post any information onto this community that you do not want to get in the hands of the wrong people and to just be aware who the people are you are communicating with.

A benefit of using this online community over a physical community is that there are not geographical restrictions of who you can communicate with. You can be anywhere in the world (providing you have access to the internet) and still keep in touch with your friends and family. Another benefit of online communities would be for those who are unable to leave the house, for example the severely disabled, can use this community as a way of staying in touch with people and not being isolated due to being home bound.

One disadvantage of communicating via Facebook, rather than in a face-to-face situation, is the restrictions with physically meeting people. Facebook is a good way of supplementing your communications but would not be best as a primary form of communication with other people.

Tutorial Eight: Posting You Tube Videos and Flickr Badges to Blogs: Explaining the process

Uploading videos to youtube

Before you can upload videos you first have to become a member of youtube. Once you have this you can upload as many videos as you would like. They will stay there until you decide to take them down. Videos must be shorter than ten minutes.

To up load a video:

1. Login.

2. Click on the "Upload Videos" icon in the upper right corner of the YouTube home page.

3. You will now be in the “uploading area”. Start typing in the videos details. When doing this be sure to describe it well and pick words that are suitable for the tag, as these are the words that will be your “keywords”. This will make it a great deal easier when others are looking for your video and will be able to find it with ease.

4. Once you have filled out all the details on that page, there will be an “upload video” button in the middle bottom of your screen.

5. This will navigate you to a different page. Click the “browse” button and locate your video file which would have been previously saved in your computer. Click select.

6. The video file that you have picked will then show up in the “browse” button. Click “upload video” which will be just below it.

7. Once you video has finished uploading you will see a new page that reads “thank you, your video upload is complete”. You will then be able to find the newly uploaded video in “my videos”.

8. People can also begin the start searching your video online and watching it there.

9. Finished !




Uploading a flickr badge to your blog.

First you'll have to configure an external blog, You'll be guided through the set-up process, and at the end you can try a test post to make sure everything works.

When that's done, you can blog any public photo you see on Flickr. When you're looking at a single photo, for example, http://www.flickr.com/photo.gne?id=23754, you'll see a "Blog This" button above it.

Note: If you don't see the "Blog This" button, you probably need to make the photo public (click "edit" next to the privacy indicator under "Additional Information" on the photo's page).

Click the "Blog This" button for the photo you want to post. If you've set up your blog, you can post immediately by adding a title and body for the post. There's a link to your blog as well so you can check that the entry looks OK.

You can set up as many blogs as you like.

You can also send to Flickr and blog from your mobile device. When you upload a photo to Flickr via email, and you have at least one blog set up in Flickr, we can post your photo to your blog automatically.

Done!

Monday, June 7, 2010

Tutorial Seven: Assistive technology

Assistive technology: is a term that includes assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for individuals with disabilities and includes the process used in selecting, locating, and using them.
The Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988 (US Public Law 100-407) states that it is "technology designed to be utilized in an assistive technology device or assistive technology service."
Assistive technology promotes greater independence by enabling people to perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great difficulty accomplishing, by providing enhancements to or changed methods of interacting with the technology needed to accomplish such tasks.(Retrieved, June, 7, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistive_technology)


Special keyboards: “For those with limited hand function and mobility, large keyboards and a special mouse may be helpful. Larger keyboards perform the same function as other keyboards and have the typical “QWERTY” layout; however, the keys are four times larger than typical keyboard keys. A modified mouse could be one that uses a trackball to move the screen cursor. This type of mouse is particularly helpful for those with fine motor or mobility limitations. Also, younger students with learning disabilities could use a picture keyboard. Students press on a particular picture, and the word goes onto the screen”.

The large keyboard is also useful for individuals who have sight impairment. The keyboards are a set neon yellow with black writing to allow the individual using the device, maximum potential to see the letters and numbers on the keyboard.

In general, assistive technology is usually quite expensive as there isn’t much competition within that area of merchandise.

The special keyboard allows individuals with different disabilities, such as hand function and mobility impairments, learning difficulties, or eye sight impairment, to use a computer independently.

The larger size keys and mouse permit smaller or not so fine movements to operate the computer as there is more room for mistakes and error.
The contrasting colours (neon yellow and black) allow for the highest potential for sight of the letters on the key.

Tutorial Four and Five: Video Production Sessions

Youtube is quite simply and advertising service, where you can advertise yourself, companies, or anything else you can video, via the internet. As it is screened by the public through the internet, it is able to be seen by billions of people all across the world, thus an easy and effective way to advertise.

Youtube use polices that benefit the uses, advertises and their partners. They also ensure that the adverts put onto their website are fair and up to a specific standard of viewing.( retrieved, May, 24, 2010, http://www.youtube.com/t/ads_content_policy)

We used the storyboard, which is a serious of drawing of the proposed film, to plan and organise our short film. Every scene was planned out using the storyboard and it worked really well as we could see everything that was going to happen and how it would happen. It was also highly useful as we could easily change sections without having any major issues and everyone still understanding what exactly is happening.

Throughout the planning we also used scripting. This worked really well as we were able to, as a group, all decide and put forward our ideas whilst making the final script. We also used the script to:
• Express our moods and emotions via the use of our voices.
• Use different tones of voices for different parts of the short film.
• Note down facial expressions we wanted to use in that particular scene.
• The direction the doll was meant to move.
• Camera angles
• music

Tutorial Three: Blog Creation Tasks

Blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, Web pages, and other media related to its topic. The ability of readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (Art blog), photographs (photo blog), videos (Video blogging), music (MP3 blog), and audio (podcasting). Micro blogging is another type of blogging, featuring very short posts.

There are various types of blogs and many different blogging hosts, such as:
• Kiwiblog.co.nz
• Blogs.com
• Blogspot.com
• Blogs.nasa.gov
• Geekzone.co.nz
• Technologyreview.com/blog

(Retrieved, June, 7, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog)

Tutorial Two: Digital Camera use and applications

There are many pluses and minuses in relation to digital cameras, including:

• Distribution of images: Because a lot of images that are captured by digital camera are kept on computer, it has become increasingly easier to send or distribute images without the person (s) in the photos or video being aware of it.

• Manipulation of images: As mentioned above, most digital photos are kept or stored on computers and as many modern computers have “photo shop” which is a devise upon the computers that can be used to change or manipulate different types of photos.

• Privacy: This is also similar to the distribution of images. As digital cameras are a great deal smaller than older cameras it has become easier to take photos of someone or something without other individuals knowing.

• Ease: digital cameras have made the process of taking and printing photos a great deal easier. It is even possible to save the pictures you have taken on a technical device and not print them out- saving money and keeping the photos longer, in better condition.

List some of the ways that digital images can be stored transferred and manipulated using other communications technology.

Many people who use or own digital cameras store their photos on their laptop or computer as it is cheaper than printing the photos out.

Digital memory cards can also be brought to extend the memory of your camera, thus it is possible to store photos on the camera itself.

As the technology of cell phones continues to increase it has become very acceptable and well known to send images from cell phones to cell phones.

The largest ethical issue that a digital cameras posse is privacy. As digital cameras are increasingly smaller it is so easy to take unwanted videos or photos of individuals, possibly without them knowing. These photos or videos can then be further put up on unwanted web-sites and broadcasted to the world via the internet, therefore allowing unwanted individuals to view these items.

Whilst on placement a saw digital cameras being use a great deal of the time, particularly in the community setting. There were many scenarios when they would be used however, the majority of the time, it would be in relation to a possible home modification. A digital photo would be taken to provide evidence whilst showing the clients current situation. This photo would be sent away along with many requests and justifications to enable who would possibly and hopefully provide the fiancés for the modification.

Flickr.com offers services, mainly around storing photos, sharing photos with different people and advertising yourself/photos (if you are a photographer).

www.facebook.com is another web-site which offers the same type of servies.

Optical zoom works just like a zoom lens on a film camera. The lens changes focal length and magnification as it is zoomed. Image quality stays high throughout the zoom range. Digital zoom simply crops the image to a smaller size, and then enlarges the cropped portion to fill the frame again.

Digital zoom results in a significant loss of quality as is clear from the examples below. It's pretty much a last resort, and if you don't have it in camera, you can do a similar job using almost any image editing program.

Digital cameras capture images as pixel elements, known as pixels. Simply put, a megapixel is equal to one million pixels.
Digital images are made up of thousands of these tiny, tile-like picture elements. The more pixels, the higher the image resolution.
Resolution relates primarily to print size and the amount of detail an image has when viewed on a computer monitor at 100%. (retrieved, May, 24, 2010, http://www.digicamhelp.com/camera-features/camera-parts/megapixels/)

Tutorial One: Information Technology and Ethical Issues

Information technology: “Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information.”(Retrieved, June, 7, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology)

Information technology (IT) is very prevalent in our society. Most households have computers and are therefore, IT implemented by our day-to-day living of humans situated in New Zealand.

Information technology has become increasingly common in our day-to-day lives. Individuals use with within their offices, in their home, to keep in contact with different sources, for school work or learning purposes and for recreational use.

As new Zealand is a reasonably well off country, families and individuals are able to purchase and therefore obtain the equipment to participate within IT, and continually to do so daily, for many people.

I personally am not very comfortable or competent whilst using IT devises however, I have had to learn to use specific IT systems for my learning as I constantly need to research different topics and write essays, for example.

In the near future I do, however, intend on gaining confidence and further knowledge with relation to information technology.

Thinking about your own fieldwork experiences consider how IT is being used in Occupational Therapy practice?

During my occupational therapy placement I found that IT was used rather often, whether it is for researching different or rare conditions to working out rosters or keeping clients progress notes upon.

There are a variety of different reasons why Occupational Therapists need to and should be familiar with numerous technology systems, such as IT. One important reason is, as we as Occupational therapist are concerned with promoting individuals health and well-being though occupation, thus we need to be familiar with potential common and highly recognised occupation as these could be occupations that we are constantly dealing with.

Another area in which information technology and Occupational therapy over lap is the subject of assistive technology. Assistive technology is The Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988 (US Public Law 100-407) states that it is "technology designed to be utilized in an assistive technology device or assistive technology service."(Retrieved, June, 7, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistive_technology)

As sharing and transferring information via information technology devices has become so common, it has much easier so send information to numerous individuals without any real effort, therefore is don’t often without thinking about the consequences (if any).

The ease of sharing information has also affected individual’s privacy. Information is regularly shared or uploaded to web-sites etc without the consent of the individuals that the information, such as a picture or video, is in relation to.

Computer ethics: is a branch of practical philosophy which deals with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.(Retrieved, June, 7, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_ethics)

“Intellectual property (IP) is a term referring to a number of distinct types of creations of the mind for which property rights are recognized--and the corresponding fields of law. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets in some jurisdictions.”(Retrieved, June, 7, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property)

Social justice: “is the application of the concept of justice on a social scale. In this context, social justice is based on the concepts of human rights and equality and involves a greater degree of economic egalitarianism through progressive taxation, income redistribution, or even property redistribution. These policies aim to achieve what developmental economists refer to as more equality of opportunity than may currently exist in some societies, and to manufacture equality of outcome in cases where incidental inequalities appear in a procedurally just system.”(Retrieved, June,7,2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice)

Informed consent: is an expression often used to specify that the consent a person gives meets certain minimum standards. An informed consent can be said to have been given based upon a clear appreciation and understanding of the facts, implications, and future consequences of an action. In order to give informed consent, the individual concerned must have adequate reasoning faculties and be in possession of all relevant facts at the time consent is given.(Retrieved, June, 7, 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_consent)

Having knowledge and a simple understanding of the possible ethical issues in relation to information technology can have a very positive effect on the way we use and view technology. I believe that the phrase “treat one as you would like to be treated” should also apply when sharing information, such as photos or videos. This would lessen the “uploading abuse” that we corrently have within our society.